Chii chinonzi Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer?

Chii chinonzi Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer?

Polyurethane elastomer imhando dzakasiyana dzezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nepolyurethane (dzimwe mhando dzinoreva polyurethane foam, polyurethane adhesive, polyurethane coating uye polyurethane fiber), uye Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer ndeimwe yemhando nhatu dzepolyurethane elastomer, Vanhu vanowanzoidaidza kuti TPU (dzimwe mhando mbiri huru dzepolyurethane elastomers i cast polyurethane elastomers, yakapfupikiswa seCPU, uye mixed polyurethane elastomers, yakapfupikiswa seMPU).

TPU imhando ye polyurethane elastomer inogona kugadzirwa nepurasitiki nekudziya nekunyungudutswa ne solvent. Kana ichienzaniswa ne CPU ne MPU, TPU ine makemikari mashoma kana kuti haina makemikari anobatanidza muchimiro chayo chemakemikari. Cheni yayo yemamorekuru ine mutsara, asi pane huwandu hwakati hwe physical cross-linking. Iyi ndiyo Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer ine chimiro chayo.

Maumbirwo uye kupatsanurwa kweTPU

Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer ipolymer ine mutsetse we (AB) block. A inomiririra polyol yepolymer (ester kana polyether, huremu hwemorekuru hwe1000~6000) ine huremu hwakawanda hwemorekuru, inonzi chain refu; B inomiririra diol ine maatomu ecarbon ane 2-12 chain straight chain, inonzi chain pfupi.

Muchimiro cheThermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, chikamu A chinonzi chikamu chakapfava, chine hunhu hwekuchinjika uye kupfava, zvichiita kuti TPU ive nekugona kuwedzera; Cheni yeurethane inogadzirwa nekuita pakati pechikamu cheB neisocyanate inonzi chikamu chakaoma, chine hunhu hwakasimba uye hwakasimba. Nekugadzirisa chiyero chezvikamu zveA neB, zvigadzirwa zveTPU zvine hunhu hwakasiyana hwepanyama uye hwemakanika zvinogadzirwa.

Zvichienderana nechimiro chechikamu chakapfava, chinogona kukamurwa kuita mhando yepolyester, mhando yepolyether, uye mhando yebutadiene, izvo zvine boka reester, boka reether, kana boka rebutene. Zvichienderana nechimiro chechikamu chakaoma, chinogona kukamurwa kuita mhando yeurethane nerudzi rweurethane urea, izvo zvinowanikwa kubva ku ethylene glycol chain extenders kana diamine chain extenders. Kupatsanurwa kwakajairika kwakakamurwa kuita mhando yepolyester nerudzi rwepolyether.

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvekugadzira TPU?

(1) Polymer Diol

Macromolecular diol ine huremu hwemamorekuru hunobva pa500 kusvika 4000 uye mapoka maviri anoshanda, ane huwandu hwe50% kusvika 80% muTPU elastomer, ine basa guru muhunhu hwemuviri nemakemikari hweTPU.

Polymer Diol yakakodzera TPU elastomer inogona kukamurwa kuita polyester uye polyether: polyester inosanganisira polytetramethylene Adipic acid glycol (PBA) ε PCL, PHC; Polyethers dzinosanganisira polyoxypropylene ether glycol (PPG), tetrahydrofuran polyether glycol (PTMG), nezvimwewo.

(2) Diisocyanate

Huremu hwemamorekuru hudiki asi basa racho rakanaka kwazvo, iro haringoiti basa rekubatanidza chikamu chakapfava nechikamu chakaoma chete, asiwo rinopa TPU hunhu hwakasiyana-siyana hwakanaka hwemuviri uye hwemakanika. Ma diisocyanates anoshanda kuTPU ndeaya: Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), methylene bis (-4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI), p-phenyldiisocyanate (PPDI), 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), p-phenyldimethyl diisocyanate (PXDI), nezvimwewo.

(3) Cheni yekutambanudza

Chinotambanudza cheni chine huremu hwemamorekuru hwe100~350, chiri cheDiol diki, huremu hudiki hwemamorekuru, chimiro chechani chakavhurika uye chisina boka rinotsiva chinobatsira kuwana kuomarara kwakanyanya uye huremu hwakakwira hweTPU. Zvinotambanudza cheni zvakakodzera TPU zvinosanganisira 1,4-butanediol (BDO), 1,4-bis (2-hydroxyethoxy) benzene (HQEE), 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), p-phenyldimethylglycol (PXG), nezvimwewo.

Kushandiswa kweTPU seToughening Agent

Kuti kuderedza mitengo yezvigadzirwa uye kuwana mashandiro akawedzerwa, polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers inogona kushandiswa senzira dzekusimbisa dzinowanzo shandiswa kusimbisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvethermoplastic uye rabha zvakagadziriswa.

Nekuda kwekukwirira kwayo, polyurethane inogona kushanda nema polar resins kana marubha, akadai se chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), iyo inogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvekurapa; Kusanganisa neABS kunogona kutsiva mainjiniya ethermoplastics ekushandisa; Kana ikashandiswa pamwe chete ne polycarbonate (PC), ine zvinhu zvakaita sekudzivirira mafuta, kudzivirira mafuta, uye kudzivirira kukanganiswa, uye inogona kushandiswa kugadzira miviri yemotokari; Kana ikasanganiswa ne polyester, kuoma kwayo kunogona kuvandudzwa; Pamusoro pezvo, inogona kushanda zvakanaka nePVC, Polyoxymethylene kana PVDC; Polyester polyurethane inogona kushanda zvakanaka ne15% Nitrile rabha kana 40% nitrile rubber/PVC blend; Polyether polyurethane inogona kushandawo zvakanaka ne40% nitrile rubber/polyvinyl chloride blend adhesive; Inogonawo kushanda pamwe chete ne acrylonitrile styrene (SAN) copolymers; Inogona kugadzira interpenetrating network (IPN) structures ne reactive polysiloxanes. Ruzhinji rwema blended adhesives ataurwa pamusoro apa atogadzirwa zviri pamutemo.

Mumakore achangopfuura, kwave nekutsvagurudza kuri kuwedzera pamusoro pekusimba kwePOM neTPU muChina. Kusanganiswa kweTPU nePOM hakungogadzirisi chete kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya uye hunhu hwemakanika hweTPU, asiwo kunosimbisa POM zvakanyanya. Vamwe vaongorori vakaratidza kuti mukuyedza kwekupwanyika kwetensile, zvichienzaniswa nePOM matrix, POM alloy ine TPU yakachinja kubva pakupwanyika kwebrittle kuenda pakupwanyika kweductile. Kuwedzerwa kweTPU kunoitawo kuti POM ive nekushanda kwekurangarira chimiro. Nzvimbo yecrystalline yePOM inoshanda sechikamu chakagadziriswa chechimiro chekurangarira chimiro, nepo nzvimbo isina chimiro yeTPU nePOM isina chimiro inoshanda sechikamu chinodzoserwa. Kana tembiricha yekupindura yekupora iri 165 ℃ uye nguva yekupora iri 120 seconds, chiyero chekupora chealloy chinosvika pamusoro pe95%, uye mhedzisiro yekupora ndiyo yakanakisa.

TPU yakaoma kuenderana nezvinhu zvisiri zvepolar polymer zvakaita se polyethylene, polypropylene, Ethylene propylene rabha, butadiene rabha, isoprene rabha kana waste rabber powder, uye haigone kushandiswa kugadzira zvinhu zvinosanganisa zvine simba rakanaka. Nokudaro, nzira dzekurapa pamusoro dzakadai seplasma, corona, Wet chemistry, primer, flame kana reactive gas dzinowanzo shandiswa kune yekupedzisira. Semuenzaniso, American Air Products and Chemicals Company yakaita F2/O2 active gas surface treatment pa ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fine powder ine molecular huremu hwemamiriyoni 3-5, uye yakaiwedzera ku polyurethane elastomer nechiyero che10%, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya Flexural modulus yayo, tensile strength uye wear resistance. Uye F2/O2 active gas surface treatment inogonawo kushandiswa kune directly lengthened short fibers ine urefu hwe6-35mm, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza kuomarara uye kubvaruka kwecomposite material.

Ndedzipi nzvimbo dzekushandisa TPU?

Muna 1958, Goodrich Chemical Company (yava kunzi Lubrizol) yakanyoresa TPU brand Estane kekutanga. Mumakore makumi mana apfuura, kwave nemazita emhando dzinopfuura makumi maviri pasi rose, uye mhando yega yega ine mhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa. Parizvino, vagadziri vakuru veTPU pasi rose ndeva: BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman Corporation, McKinsey, Golding, nezvimwewo.

Senzira yakanaka kwazvo ye elastomer, TPU ine zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana, izvo zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvinhu zvinodiwa zuva nezuva, zvinhu zvemitambo, matoyi, zvinhu zvekushongedza, nezvimwe. Pazasi pane mienzaniso mishoma.

① Zvishandiso zveshangu

TPU inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira shangu nekuda kwekupfava kwayo uye kuramba kwayo kupfeka. Zvigadzirwa zveshangu zvine TPU zvinosununguka kupfeka kupfuura zvigadzirwa zveshangu dzemazuva ese, saka zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvigadzirwa zveshangu dzemhando yepamusoro, kunyanya dzimwe shangu dzemitambo neshangu dzemazuva ese.

② Mapombi

Nekuda kwekupfava kwayo, simba rayo rekudhonza, simba rekurovera, uye kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya nekwakaderera, mapombi eTPU anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muChina semapombi egasi nemafuta ekushandisa michina yakaita sendege, matangi, mota, midhudhudhu, uye maturusi emuchina.

③ Waya

TPU inopa simba rekudzivirira kubvaruka, simba rekudzivirira kupera, uye hunhu hwekukotama, uye simba rekudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya uye kwakaderera riri kiyi yekushanda kwetambo. Saka mumusika weChina, tambo dzepamusoro dzakadai setambo dzekudzora netambo dzemagetsi dzinoshandisa maTPU kuchengetedza zvinhu zvekufukidza zvemagadzirirwo akaomarara etambo, uye mashandisirwo adzo ari kuramba achipararira.

④ Midziyo yekurapa

TPU chinhu chakachengeteka, chakasimba uye chemhando yepamusoro chinotsiva PVC, chisingazove nePhthalate nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvemakemikari, uye chinotama chichienda muropa kana zvimwe zvinwiwa zviri mucatheter yekurapa kana bhegi rekurapa zvichikonzera migumisiro yakaipa. Uyezve, TPU yakagadzirwa zvakanyanya uye injection grade inogona kushandiswa zviri nyore nekugadziriswa zvishoma mumidziyo yePVC iripo.

⑤ Mota nedzimwe nzira dzekufambisa

Nekuburitsa nekuputira mativi ese ejira renylon ne polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, ma rafts ekurwisa anoputika uye ma rafts ekuongorora anotakura vanhu 3-15 anogona kugadzirwa, nekushanda kuri nani kupfuura ma rafts erabha anoputika anoputika; Polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer yakasimbiswa negirazi fiber inogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvikamu zvemuviri zvakaita sezvikamu zvakaumbwa kumativi ese emota pachayo, maganda emusuwo, ma bumpers, ma strips ekudzivirira kukweshana, uye ma grilles.