Chii chinonzi Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer?

Chii chinonzi Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer?

Polyurethane elastomer yakasiyana-siyana ye polyurethane synthetic zvinhu (mamwe marudzi anoreva polyurethane foam, polyurethane adhesive, polyurethane coating uye polyurethane fiber), uye Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer imwe yemhando nhatu dze polyurethane elastomer, Vanhu vanowanzo taura nezvayo seTPU (iyo mamwe marudzi maviri makuru e polyurethane elastomers akakandwa epolyurethane elastomers, akapfupikiswa seCPU, uye akasanganiswa. polyurethane elastomers, yakapfupikiswa seMPU).

TPU imhando ye polyurethane elastomer inogona kuiswa mupurasitiki nekudziya uye kunyungudika ne solvent. Kuenzaniswa neCPU neMPU, TPU ine zvishoma kana isina kemikari inoyambuka-inobatanidza mune yayo kemikari chimiro. Yayo molecular cheni yakanyatso mutsara, asi kune humwe huwandu hwemuviri kuyambuka-kubatanidza. Iyi ndiyo Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer ine hunhu hwakanyanya muchimiro.

Chimiro uye kupatsanurwa kweTPU

Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer ndeye (AB) block linear polymer. A inomiririra polymer polyol (ester kana polyether, molecular uremu hwe1000 ~ 6000) ine huremu hwepamusoro hwema molecular, inonzi refu cheni; B inomiririra diol rine 2-12 straight chain carbon atomu, inonzi short chain.

Muchimiro cheThermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, chikamu A chinonzi chakapfava chikamu, chine maitiro ekushanduka uye kupfava, zvichiita kuti TPU ive nekuwedzera; Iyo urethane chain inogadzirwa nekuita pakati peB segment uye isocyanate inonzi chikamu chakaoma, icho chine zvese zvakaomarara uye zvakaoma zvinhu. Nekugadzirisa chiyero chezvikamu zveA uye B, zvigadzirwa zveTPU zvine akasiyana emuviri uye zvemichina zvinhu zvinogadzirwa.

Zvinoenderana neyakapfava chikamu chimiro, inogona kupatsanurwa kuita polyester mhando, polyether mhando, uye butadiene mhando, iyo inoteedzana ine ester boka, ether boka, kana butene boka. Zvinoenderana neyakaomarara segment chimiro, inogona kukamurwa kuita urethane mhando uye urethane urea mhando, iyo inoteedzana inotorwa kubva ethylene glycol cheni inotambanudza kana diamine cheni inotambanudza. Iyo yakajairika classification yakakamurwa kuva polyester mhando uye polyether mhando.

Ndezvipi zvigadzirwa zveTPU synthesis?

(1) Polymer Diol

Macromolecular diol ine huremu hwemamorekuru kubva pa500 kusvika ku4000 uye mapoka asingashande, ane zviri mukati me50% kusvika 80% muTPU elastomer, anoita basa rekusimba mune zvemuviri nemakemikari zvimiro zveTPU.

Iyo polymer Diol yakakodzera TPU elastomer inogona kukamurwa kuita polyester uye polyether: polyester inosanganisira polytetramethylene Adipic acid glycol (PBA) ε PCL, PHC; Ma polyethers anosanganisira polyoxypropylene ether glycol (PPG), tetrahydrofuran polyether glycol (PTMG), nezvimwewo.

(2) Diisocyanate

Huremu hwemamorekuru idiki asi basa racho rakatanhamara, iro risingangoite basa rekubatanidza chikamu chakapfava uye chikamu chakaoma, asi zvakare chinopa TPU nezvakasiyana siyana zvakanaka zvemuviri uye zvemichina. Ma diisocyanates anoshanda kuTPU ndeaya: Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), methylene bis (-4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI), p-phenyldiisocyanate (PPDI), 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), p-phenyldimethyl diisocyanate. PXDI), nezvimwewo.

(3) Chain extender

Iyo chain extender ine huremu hwema molecular ye100 ~ 350, yediki molecule Diol, diki molecular uremu, yakavhurika cheni chimiro uye hapana boka rinotsiva rinoita kuti uwane kuomarara kwepamusoro uye huremu hwepamusoro hweTPU. Maketani ekuwedzera akakodzera TPU anosanganisira 1,4-butanediol (BDO), 1,4-bis (2-hydroxyethoxy) benzene (HQEE), 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), p-phenyldimethylglycol (PXG), nezvimwewo.

Kugadziridza Kushandiswa kweTPU seMumiriri Anoomesa

Kuti uderedze mutengo wezvigadzirwa uye uwane kuwedzera kushanda, polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers inogona kushandiswa seanowanzo shandiswa toughening agents kuomesera akasiyana thermoplastic uye yakagadziridzwa rubha zvinhu.

Nekuda kwehupamhi hwayo, polyurethane inogona kuenderana ne polar resins kana rubbers, senge chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), inogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvekurapa; Kusanganisa neABS kunogona kutsiva engineering thermoplastics yekushandisa; Kana ichishandiswa pamwe chete nepolycarbonate (PC), ine zvimiro zvakaita semafuta kuramba, mafuta anopokana, uye kukanganisa kupikisa, uye inogona kushandiswa kugadzira mitumbi yemotokari; Kana yakabatanidzwa nepolyester, kuoma kwayo kunogona kuvandudzwa; Mukuwedzera, inogona kunyatsoenderana nePVC, Polyoxymethylene kana PVDC; Polyester polyurethane inogona kunyatsoenderana ne15% Nitrile rabha kana 40% nitrile rabha/PVC musanganiswa; Polyether polyurethane inogonawo kunyatsoenderana ne40% nitrile rabha/polyvinyl chloride musanganiswa wekunamira; Inogonawo kuwirirana ne acrylonitrile styrene (SAN) copolymers; Inogona kuumba interpenetrating network (IPN) zvimiro zvine reactive polysiloxanes. Ruzhinji rwezvataurwa pamusoro apa zvakasanganiswa zvinonamira zvakatogadzirwa zviri pamutemo.

Mumakore achangopfuura, kwave nekuwedzera kutsvagisa kwekuomeswa kwePOM neTPU kuChina. Iko kusanganiswa kweTPU nePOM hakungonatsiridza kukwirisa-tembiricha kuramba uye michina zvimiro zveTPU, asiwo zvakanyanya kuomesa POM. Vamwe vaongorori vakaratidza kuti mukuyedzwa kwekutsemuka kwekutsemuka, zvichienzaniswa nePOM matrix, iyo POM alloy ine TPU yachinja kubva pabrittle fracture kuenda ku ductile fracture. Kuwedzerwa kweTPU kunopawo POM ine chimiro chendangariro kuita. Iyo crystalline dunhu rePOM inoshanda seyakagadziriswa chikamu chechimiro chendangariro alloy, nepo amorphous dunhu reamorphous TPU nePOM inoshanda sechikamu chinodzoreredza. Kana tembiricha yekupindura yekudzoreredza iri 165 ℃ uye nguva yekudzoreredza iri 120 masekonzi, mwero wekudzoreredza weiyo alloy unosvika pamusoro pe95%, uye mhedzisiro yekudzoreredza ndiyo yakanyanya kunaka.

TPU yakaoma kuti ienderane nezvinhu zvisiri-polar zvepolymer zvakaita se polyethylene, polypropylene, Ethylene propylene rabha, butadiene rabha, isoprene rabha kana tsvina yehupfu yehupfu, uye haigone kushandiswa kugadzira macomposites ane kuita kwakanaka. Naizvozvo, nzira dzekurapa dzepamusoro senge plasma, corona, Wet chemistry, primer, murazvo kana reactive gasi rinowanzoshandiswa kune yekupedzisira. Semuyenzaniso, American Air Products and Chemicals Company yakaita F2/O2 inoshanda gas surface treatment pa ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene poda yakatsetseka ine huremu hwe 3-5 miriyoni, ndokuiwedzera ku polyurethane elastomer pachiyero chegumi. %, iyo inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya yayo Flexural modulus, kusimba simba uye kupfeka kuramba. Uye iyo F2/O2 inoshanda gasi pamusoro pekurapa inogona zvakare kuiswa kune yakananga yakareba mafiber mapfupi ane hurefu hwe6-35mm, iyo inogona kuvandudza kuomarara uye kubvarura kuomarara kwechinhu chinoumbwa.

Ndedzipi nzvimbo dzekushandisa dzeTPU?

Muna 1958, Goodrich Chemical Company (yava kunzi Lubrizol) yakanyoresa TPU brand Estane kekutanga. Kwemakore makumi mana apfuura, kwave kune anopfuura makumi maviri mazita emhando pasi rose, uye mhando yega yega ine akati wandei ezvigadzirwa. Parizvino, iwo makuru TPU anogadzira zvigadzirwa munyika ndeaya: BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman Corporation, McKinsey, Golding, nezvimwe.

Seyakanakisa elastomer, TPU ine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvigadzirwa zvepasi, izvo zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvinodiwa zvezuva nezuva, zvinhu zvemitambo, matoyi, zvekushongedza, uye mamwe minda. Pazasi pane mienzaniso mishoma.

① Zvigadzirwa zveshangu

TPU inonyanya kushandiswa kune zvigadzirwa zveshangu nekuda kwekunaka kwayo elasticity uye kupfeka kuramba. Zvigadzirwa zveshangu zvine TPU zvakanyanya kugadzika kupfeka pane zvenguva dzose zvigadzirwa zveshangu, saka zvinonyanya kushandiswa muzvigadzirwa zveshangu dzepamusoro, kunyanya dzimwe shangu dzemitambo neshangu dzenguva dzose.

② Hoses

Nekuda kwekupfava kwayo, kusimba kwayo, simba rekuita, uye kuramba tembiricha yakakwira uye yakaderera, mapaipi eTPU anoshandiswa zvakanyanya kuChina semagasi neoiri hose dzemichina dzakaita sendege, matangi, mota, midhudhudhu, uye maturusi emuchina.

③ Cable

TPU inopa kuramba kubvarura, kupfeka kuramba, uye kukotama hunhu, nekukwirira uye kuderera kwekushisa kuramba chiri kiyi yekushanda kwetambo. Saka mumusika weChinese, tambo dzepamberi senge tambo dzekudzora uye tambo dzemagetsi dzinoshandisa TPU kuchengetedza zvinhu zvekupfekedza zvemadhizaini akaomarara, uye mashandisirwo azvo ari kuwedzera kupararira.

④ Zvishandiso zvekurapa

TPU chinhu chakachengeteka, chakagadzikana uye chepamusoro-soro chePVC chinotsiva, chisingave nePhthalate uye mamwe makemikari anokuvadza zvinhu, uye inotamira kuropa kana zvimwe zvinwiwa zviri mu catheter yekurapa kana bhegi rekurapa kukonzera mhedzisiro. Uyezve, iyo yakanyatsogadzirwa extrusion giredhi uye jekiseni giredhi TPU inogona kushandiswa zviri nyore nediki debugging mune iripo PVC michina.

⑤ Motokari nedzimwe nzira dzekufambisa

Nekuburitsa uye kupfekedza mativi ese emucheka wenaironi ne polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, inflatable kurwisa kurwisa rafts uye reconnaissance rafts inotakura vanhu 3-15 inogona kugadzirwa, nekuita kuri nani kupfuura vulcanized rabha inflatable rafts; Polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer yakasimbiswa negirazi fiber inogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvikamu zvemuviri zvakaita sezvikamu zvakaumbwa pamativi ese emota pachayo, matehwe emagonhi, mabumpers, anti friction strips, uye magrille.