Izvo zvinonzipolyurethaneChidimbu chePolyurethane, chinoumbwa nekuita kwePolyisocyanates uye polysols, uye ine akawanda akadzokororwa Amino Ester mapoka (- NH-co-o -) pane cheni yemanyoreti. Mune chaiyo yakashongedzwa polyurethane, kuwedzera kune iyo Amino Ester Group, kune mamwe mapoka akadai seUrea uye Biuret. Polyols ndege mauto emamolecules ine hydroxyl mapoka kumagumo, izvo zvinonzi "zvinyoro-nyoro makiromita", nepo polyisocyanates "
Pakati pePolyurethane anogadzirwa zvakagadzirwa neyecherechedzo uye akaomesesa maketeni, chikamu chidiki chete chiri amino acid esters, saka zvinogona kunge zvisina kukodzera kuvadaidza polyurethane. Mune imwe pfungwa yakafara, purestathane ndeye inowedzera iyo isocynate.
Mhando dzakasiyana dzevasocynates dzinoita nePolyhydroxy compounds dzePolyurethane, nokudaro zvinowana zvinhu zvakaringana, zvakadai sharings, marara, mafuru, etc. polyurethane rabha
Polyurethane rubrabhi nderemhando yakakosha yerabha, iyo inoitwa nekuita polyether kana polyester ne isteranate. Kune akawanda akasiyana nekuda kwemhando dzakasiyana dzezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, maitiro ekuita, uye nzira dzekuyambuka. Kubva pane zvemakemikari zvekuita, pane polyester uye polyester mhando, uye kubva kunzira yekugadzirisa, kune mhando nhatu: kusanganisa mhando, kukanda rudzi, uye mhando yeTremoplastic.
Synthetic polyurethane rubraber inowanzo shandiswa neiyo Lineter kana polyether ne diyocular uremu huremu, iyo yakaiswa chiratidzo cheketani kuti igadzire iyo yakakwira molecular uremu polymer. Zvadaro, vakakodzera kuyambuka vamiririri vanowedzerwa uye vachipiswa kuti vazvirape, vachiva vulcanized rabha. Iyi nzira inonzi prepolymerization kana maviri-nhanho nzira.
Zvinoitawo kuti ushandise nzira imwe-nhanho - zvakananga
Iyo-chikamu muTPU mamorekuru inoita macromolecular maketani ari nyore, anowedzera polyurethane rabha aine elasticity yekunyorova uye overylaning transive polymmer, uye kuderedza kuomarara kwayo uye simba renyama. Iyo B-Chikamu ichasunga kutenderera kwemacromolecular macromolecular, inokonzeresa runyoro uye sekondari transition poindi kuti uwedzere kuomesa uye nekuwedzera simba, uye kuderera kwekushomeka. Nekugadzirisa iyo molar chiyero pakati pe a uye b, tpus ine maitiro akasiyana emakaniki aunogona kugadzirwa. Chimiro-chinongedzo cheTPU hazvifanirwe kungofunga nezveprinary cross-linking, asi zvakare sekondari yekuyambuka-kubatanidzwa yakaumbwa neHydrogen zvisungo pakati pemamoryombe. Iyo yekutanga chikamu-chinobatanidza chisungo chePolyurethane chakasiyana kubva kuVulcanation chimiro che hydroxyl rabha. Its Amino Ester Group, Biuret Boka, Urea Kuumba boka uye mamwe mapoka anoshanda akarongwa mune yakajairwa keteni cagment, inokonzerwa neyakajairwa netambo, iyo ine yakanakisa kupfeka kurwisa uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakanaka. Kechipiri, nekuda kwekuvapo kwemapoka mazhinji anobata zvakanyanya seUrea Sekondari kuyambuka kunoita kuti polyurethane rabha kuti ive nehurongwa hwekuratidzira kweresmory paruoko rumwe, uye kune rumwe rutivi, ichi chidimbu hachina kuyambuka-chakabatana, zvichiita kuti chiwedzere kuyambuka. Mamiriro ekubatanidza-anobatanidza zvinoenderana nekushisa tembiricha. Sezvo tembiricha inowedzera, iyi kuunganidza-kubatanidza zvishoma nezvishoma kunopera simba nekunyangarika. Iyo polymer ine imwezve fluidity uye inogona kuiswa pasi peTormplastic kugadzirisa. Kana tembiricha inoderedza, iyi kuunganidzwa-kubatanidza zvishoma nezvishoma kunodzoreredza uye mafomu zvakare. Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemubhadharo kunowedzera kureba pakati pemamorekuru, kuneta kugona kuumba hydrogen zvisungo pakati pemamorita, uye zvinotungamira kuchiderera kwakapinza musimba. Tsvagurudzo yakaratidza kuti kurongeka kwekugadzikana kwemapoka akasiyana siyana ebasa muPolyurethane Rubber kubva kumusoro kusvika kuderera: Ethet, Urea, Carbamate, uye Biuret. Munguva yekukwegura yePolyurethane Rubber, danho rekutanga kupatsanurwa kweBonds-link-Bible Biuret neUrea, kuteverwa neTreat yeCarbamate uye Urea Zvisungo, kureva kuti, keteni huru ichiputsa.
01 Nyoro
Polyurethane Elastors, seyakawanda polymer zvinhu, akapfenyura pakupisa kwakanyanya uye kushandurwa kubva kune elastic mamiriro kune viscous kuyerera nyika, zvichikonzera kuderera kwesimba. Kubva pamaonero emakemikari, tembiricha yakapfava yekuwedzera inowanzoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita seyakaenzana, hama inorema, uye kuyambuka density.
Kazhinji, Kuwedzera Huremu Huremu, kuwedzera kuomarara kwechiitiko chakaoma (sekusvitsa mhete yechiBetencule) uye zviri muchikamu chakaomarara, uye kuwedzera kuyambuka density vese vanobatsira kupenya kwekupfava. Kune iyo thermplastic elastors
Kuti uwedzere-kuyambuka polyurethane elastomers, kuyambuka density yakakura kupfuura yakaenzana nehuremu hwemanyorerwe. Naizvozvo, apo okugadzira elastesmers, kuwedzera mashandiro emasangano
PPDI (P-PHELLDICIECYANACE) inoshandiswa seyakaverengeka mapoka ezvemiti miviri yebhenji
Kubva pamaonero emuviri, kupisa kwakapfava kwevakapfava kunoenderana nedhigirii rekuparadzaniswa kwemisoro. Sekureva kwemishumo, kupururudza kwekuputika kwevashuwa kusapatsanurwa kwemisasa kwakanyanyisa, nekudziya kwekutanga kweanenge 70 ℃, nepolastomers iyo inoparadzanisa microphaes inogona kusvika 130-150 ℃. Naizvozvo, kuwedzera mwero wekuparadzaniswa kwemusoro muElasmomers ndeimwe nzira dzinobudirira dzekuvandudza kwavo kupisa kupokana.
Dhigirii rekuparadzaniswa kwemusoro weElasmomers rinogona kuvandudzwa nekuchinja kwehama sight kugovera zvikamu zvemakem emaketeni, nekudaro achiwedzera kupokana kwavo kupisa. Vazhinji vanotsvaga vanotenda kuti chikonzero chechipfungwa chemusoro muPolyurethane ndiye a Thermodynamic kusawirirana pakati pezvikamu zvakapfava uye zvakaoma. Type yeteni extender, chidimbu chakaoma uye chayo zvemukati, uye zvinyoro zvemhando, uye hydrogen kusungwa vese vane maitiro akakosha pairi.
Tichienzaniswa neDiolt keteni degree rekuparadzaniswa kwemisoro mune elastromers; Symmetric Aromatic keteni yakadai seP, p-dihydroquinone, uye hydroquinone inobatsira kuti yakajairwa uye yakasimba kurongedza zvikamu zvakaoma, nekukasira kuvandudza kupatsanurwa kwemisoro kwezvigadzirwa.
Iyo Amino Ester zvidimbu zvakaumbwa nealiphatic isocyanates ine zvidimbu zvakanaka nezvidimbu zvinyoro-nyoro zvinonyungudika zvidimbu, zvichideredza chikamu chekuparadzaniswa kwemisoro. Iyo Amino Ester zvidimbu zvakaumbwa neanonaka isocy insanates ine zvakabatanidzwa nezvikamu zvakapfava, nepo mwero wekuparadzanisa kwemusoro wakakwira. Polyolefin Polyurethane ane anenge akambopedzisa kupatsanurwa kwemusoro nekuda kwekuti chikamu chakapfava hachina kuumba hydrogen zvisungo uye hydrogen zvisungo zvinogona kuitika chete muchikamu chakaoma.
Mhedzisiro yehydrogen kusungwa pane iyo yekunguva pfungwa yeElasmorers yakakoshawo. Kunyangwe polyethers uye carbonyls muchikamu chakapfava chinogona kuumba huwandu hwakakura hwe hydrogen zvishuwo ne nh muchikamu chakaoma, chinowedzera tembiricha inonamira yevakapfava. Iyo yakasimbiswa kuti hydrogen bonds ichiri kuchengetedza 40% pa200 ℃.
02 Thermal Decomposition
Amino Ester Mapoka anodzora kutevera kuDocomphi pane high tembiricha:
- rnhcoor - rnc0 ho-r
- rnhcoor - RNH2 CO2 Ene
- rnhcoor - rnhr CO2 ene
Kune matatu makuru mafomu ekushora kwekunyora kwePolyurethane based zvinhu:
① Kugadzira nzvimbo dzepakutanga maOcanates uye mapolyols;
②- Iyo Oxygen Bond paCHAS YAKAITWA UYE ZVINOGONESA NECHEMA CHEMA CHITSAUKO CHITSAUKO CHITSAUKO CHIT Amino Acids inodaira mune imwe yekutanga ambine uye carbon dioxide:
③ Fomu 1 Sekondari Amine uye Carbon dioxide.
Kuora kwemba kwecarbamate chimiro:
Aryl Nhco Aryl, ~ 120 ℃;
N-alkyl-NHCO-ARYL, ~ 180 ℃;
Aryl Nhco N-Alkyl, ~ 200 ℃;
N-Alkyl-NHCO-N-Alkyl, ~ 250 ℃.
Kugadzikana kweTermal kweAmbino AMino Acid esters inoenderana nemhando dzekutanga zvinhu zvakadai soCocyanates uye polyols. Aliphatic isocyanates yakakwira kupfuura shanduko inoshatirisa, nepo macalopols akakwirira kupfuura anonhuhwirira mashizha. Nekudaro, mabhuku anoshuma kuti tembiricha yemadhishi yealiphatic amino acid esters iri pakati pegumi nematanhatu, uye yezvinonhuwirira amino acid iri pakati pe80-200 ℃, iyo isingaenderane nedata iri pamusoro. Chikonzero chinogona kunge chine chekuita nenzira yekuyedza.
Muchokwadi, aliphatic chdi (1,4-cyclohhexane diisocyanate) uye HDI (Hexamethylene Diisocyanate) Iva Nesimba Rokupisa Rinowanzoitwa Romatic Shandiswa MDI uye TDI. Kunyanya trans trans chdi ine symmetrical chimiro chave kuzivikanwa seyakaipisa-kupisa isocyanate. Polyurethane Elastromers yakagadzirirwa kubva kune yakanaka yekuita, yakanakisa hydrolysis kurwisa, kupisa kwakanyanya, girazi rekudziya tembiricha, yakaderera thermal hysteresis, uye yakakwira UV kuramba.
Pamusoro peAmino Ester Group, Polyurethane Elassomers ane mamwe mapoka anoshanda seUrea akagadzira, Biuret, Urea, Etred, Ured
NHCONCoOO - (aliphatic urea imanika), 85-105 ℃;
- Nhakucha - (Aromatic Urea fomu), pane tembiricha ye1-120 ℃;
- NHCONCCOH - (aliphatic biuret), pakupisa kubva pagumi c kusvika kune 110 ° C;
NHCONCCO - (Anonhuhwirira), 115-125 ℃;
NHCONH - (aliphatic Urea), 140-180 ℃;
- Nhchonh - (anomatic urea), 160-200 ℃;
Isocyanurate ring> 270 ℃.
Tembiricha yemadhishi yekuuraya yeBiuret uye Urea yakavakirwa inogadzira yakaderera kupfuura iyo yeAminoformate uye Urea, nepoCocyuratete ine yakanyanya kugadzikana. Mukugadzirwa kweElastors Kunyangwe ivo vanogona kuvandudza midziyo yemuchina yevasungwa, ivo havana kugadzikana kupisa.
Kuti aderedze mapoka anodzora asina kujairika seBiuret uye Urea akaomesera muElasmery, zvakafanira kufunga nezvezvakabikwa zvadzo zvekutakura zvinhu uye maitiro ekugadzira. Yakawandisa Isocyanate Ratios inofanira kushandiswa, uye dzimwe nzira dzinofanira kushandiswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kuti urege kuumbwa kweSocynate Ichi chave chiri nzira inonyanya kushandiswa yekugadzira kupisa-kupesana uye murazvo unodzivirira polyurethane elastomers.
03 Hydrolysis uye Thermal oxidation
Polyurethane Elastors anowanzo kuora kuora muzvikamu zvavo zvakaoma uye zvinoenderana makemikari shanduko mumakiromita akapfava pakupisa kwakanyanya. Polyester elastormers ine murombo wemvura kudzikisira uye zvakanyanya maitiro akawandisa e hydrolyze pakupisa kwakanyanya. Hupenyu hwebasa rePolyester / TDI / DiAmine rinogona kusvika mwedzi 45 ℃, mavhiki maviri chete pa 70 ℃, uye mazuva mashoma chete kupfuura 100 ℃. Zvisungo zveEstter zvinogona kuora kuita acids zvinoenderana necalhols kana ichinge ichiburitswa nemvura inopisa uye steam, naUrrea Ester mapoka mune elastomers inogona zvakare kufungidzira hydrolysis:
Rcor H20- → Rcooh Hor
Ester doro
Imwe RNHCONGR Imwe H20- → RXHCOOH H2NR -
Mbeu
One rinhcoor-h20- → rncoh hor -
Amino gadzira ester amino gadzira doro
Polyether yakavakirwa elastorers ine murombo anodzora overmal oxidation kugadzikana, uye ether yakavakirwa elastormers Mushure mekuwedzera kuora uye kuchenesa, iyo inogadzira radicals uye hydroxyl radicals, iyo inozopedzisira yaita muumbi kana eldehydes.
Mapolys akasiyana haana mari shoma pakushomeka kwekushambadzira kwealastomers, nepo mapuranga akasiyana ane imwe pesvedzero. Kuenzaniswa neTDI-moca-ptmeg, TDI-moca-ptmeg ine tensile Simba remuyero we44% uye ne60% kwemazuva manomwe, paine yekupedzisira iri nani zvakanyanya kupfuura yekutanga. Chikonzero chingangove icho PPG mamorekuru vane matani, izvo zvisiri kubereka kune gadziriro yenguva dzose yemamorekuru emamolecules uye kuderedza kupisa kwemuviri weiyo elastic. Iyo inogadzirisa yekugadzirisa yePolyethers ndeye: ptmeg> peg> ppg.
Mamwe mapoka anoshanda muPolyurethane elastors, akadai seUrea uye carbamate, zvakare ari oxidation uye hydrolysis maitiro. Nekudaro, iyo ether Group ndiyo inonyanya nyore oxidized, nepo boka reEst oster ndiyo inonyanya kuyerera hydrolyzed. Kurongeka kweAsigoxidant yavo uye hydrolyis kuramba ndeye:
Antioxidant chiitiko: esters> Urea> Carbamate> Ether;
Hydrolysis Kupokana: Ester
Kuti uvandudze oxidation kuramba polyether polyurhane uye hydrolyis kuramba polyeter polyurethane, vanowedzera vanowedzera 1% phenolic antioxidant irgox1010 to ptmeg polyther elastomer. Simba reElasomer reiyo Elasomer rinogona kuwedzerwa ne3-5 times kana tichienzaniswa pasina antioxidants (mhinduro bvunzo mushure megumi nemakumi mairi 168 maawa). Asi kwete ese antioxidant ane chekuita nePolyurethane Elastomers, phenoolic 110 uye phenolic Nekudaro, nekuda kwebasa rakakosha rezvipfuyo hydroxyl mapoka muzvikwata zvechiitiko zvePhenox. Kana yakawedzerwa panguva yekugadzirwa kwevashandi prepolymers, ichakanganisa zvikuru maitiro ekutsikisa.
Mahwira anoshandiswa kudzivirira hydrolysis polyurethane elastethane ari kunyanya carbodiimi Kuwedzerwa kweCarbodiimide paMusina Chikamu che2% kusvika ku5% inogona kuwedzera kugadzikana kwemvura kwePolyurethane ne 2-4 nguva. Mukuwedzera, tert butyl catechol, hexamevethersonetramo, eidocarbonamide, etc. zvakare vane zvimwe anti hydrolysis mhedzisiro.
04 Main Performance hunhu
Polyurethane Elastory one Block Block Copolly Coplymers, nemanyorerwe emaketeni anounganidzwa negirazi tembiricha pane tembiricha uye tembiricha tembiricha tembiricha yakakwira kupfuura tembiricha yekushisa. Pakati pavo, oligomeric polyls inoumba zvikamu zvinochinjika, nepo dhizaini uye diki molecule keteni yemifananidzo inoumba mitezo yakaoma. Chimiro chakapindurwa chechigadzirwa uye chakaomeswa manhamba matanho anotema maitiro avo akasiyana siyana:
. Polyurethane Elastorers inogona kusvika pakadzika seShaoer A10 uye yakakwira shaoer D85, pasina kudiwa kwebetsero yefirabhu;
(2) Simba rakakwirira uye elasticity inogona kuramba ichichengetwa mukati mekushushikana kwazvo;
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(4) kuramba kwakasimba kwemvura, mafuta, uye makemikari;
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(8) yakanaka biooplic uye anticoguulant zvivakwa;
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Polyurethane Elastomers inogona kuumbwa uchishandisa maitiro akafanana seyakajaira rabha, akadai sepapurasitiki, kusanganisa, uye vanofa. Vanogona zvakare kuumbwa nenzira yemvura yerombo nekudururira, centrifugal kuumbwa, kana kupfira. Ivo vanogona zvakare kugadzirwa mune zvekunyepedzera uye vakaumbwa uchishandisa jekiseni, kubuda, kutenderera, kuputika kuumbwa, uye mamwe maitiro. Nenzira iyi, kwete chete inogadzirisa kushanda kwebasa, asi inovandudzawo kurongeka kwekuita uye kutaridzika kwechigadzirwa
Kutumira Nguva: Dec-05-2023