Nzira huru dzekuvandudza TPU mune ramangwana

TPU ipurasitiki yepurasitiki inonzi polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, inova multiphase block copolymer inoumbwa ne diisocyanates, polyols, uye chain extenders. Se elastomer inoshanda zvakanyanya, TPU ine nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzezvigadzirwa uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvinhu zvinodiwa zuva nezuva, midziyo yemitambo, matoyi, zvinhu zvekushongedza, nezvimwe zvinhu, zvakaita seshangu, mapayipi, tambo, zvishandiso zvekurapa, nezvimwewo.

Parizvino, vagadziri vakuru veTPU vanosanganisira BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman, Wanhua Chemical,Zvishandiso Zvitsva zveLinghua, nezvimwewo. Nekurongwa uye kuwedzerwa kwesimba remakambani emuno, indasitiri yeTPU parizvino ine makwikwi makuru. Zvisinei, mumunda wekushandisa wepamusoro-soro, ichiri kuvimba nezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, inovawo nzvimbo iyo China inoda kubudirira mairi. Ngatitaurei nezveramangwana remusika wezvigadzirwa zveTPU.

1. E-TPU ine furo rinopenya zvakanyanya

Muna 2012, Adidas neBASF vakagadzira pamwe chete shangu dzinomhanya dzinonzi EnergyBoost, iyo inoshandisa TPU ine furo (zita rekutengeserana infinergy) sechinhu chepakati petsoka. Nekuda kwekushandisa polyether TPU ine kuomarara kweShore A kwe80-85 se substrate, zvichienzaniswa neEVA midsoles, midsoles yeTPU ine furo inogona kuramba ichikwanisa kusimba uye kupfava munzvimbo dziri pasi pe0 ℃, izvo zvinoita kuti kupfeka kunyarare uye kunozivikanwa zvakanyanya mumusika.
2. Zvinhu zvakagadzirwa neTPU zvakasimbiswa nefiber

TPU ine simba rekudzivirira simba, asi mune mamwe mashandisirwo, ma "high elastic modulus" uye zvinhu zvakaoma kwazvo zvinodiwa. Kugadziriswa kwesimbi yegirazi inzira inowanzoshandiswa kuwedzera simba rekudzivirira simba rezvinhu. Kuburikidza nekuchinja, zvinhu zvinosanganiswa nethermoplastic zvine mabhenefiti akawanda akadai se "high elastic modulus", "good insulation", "strong heat resistance", "good elastic recovery performance", "good corrosion resistance", "low coefficient of expansion", uye "dimensional stability" zvinogona kuwanikwa.

BASF yakaunza tekinoroji yekugadzira TPU yakasimbiswa nefiberglass ine modulus yakawanda ichishandisa fiberglass short mu patent yayo. TPU ine kuomarara kweShore D kwe83 yakagadzirwa nekusanganisa polytetrafluoroethylene glycol (PTMEG, Mn=1000), MDI, uye 1,4-butanediol (BDO) ne1,3-propanediol sezvinhu zvakagadziriswa. TPU iyi yakabatanidzwa nefiber yegirazi muhuwandu hwe52:48 kuti iwane zvinhu zvakasanganiswa zvine elastic modulus ye18.3 GPa uye simba rekudhonza re244 MPa.

Pamusoro pegirazi fiber, kunewo mishumo yezvigadzirwa zvinoshandisa carbon fiber composite TPU, zvakaita seCovestro's Maezio carbon fiber/TPU composite board, ine elastic modulus inosvika 100GPa uye density yakaderera pane simbi.
3. TPU isina murazvo inodzivisa halogen

TPU ine simba rakawanda, yakasimba, inodzivirira kupfeka zvakanaka uye ine zvimwe zvinhu zvinoita kuti ive chinhu chakakodzera waya netambo. Asi munzvimbo dzinoshandiswa dzakadai senzvimbo dzekuchaja, panodiwa nzira mbiri dzekuvandudza mashandiro eTPU ekudzivirira moto. Imwe ndeyekugadzirisa mwenje unodzivirira moto, iyo inosanganisira kuisa zvinhu zvinodzivirira moto zvakaita sepolyols kana isocyanates dzine phosphorus, nitrogen, nezvimwe zvinhu mukugadzirwa kweTPU kuburikidza nemakemikari; Yechipiri ndeyekugadzirisa mwenje unodzivirira moto, iyo inosanganisira kushandisa TPU se substrate uye kuwedzera zvinodzivirira moto pakusanganisa melt.

Kuchinja kwe reactive kunogona kuchinja chimiro cheTPU, asi kana huwandu hwe additive flame retardant hwawanda, simba reTPU rinoderera, mashandiro ekugadzirisa anoderera, uye kuwedzera huwandu hushoma hakugone kusvika padanho rinodiwa retardant flame. Parizvino, hapana chigadzirwa che high flame retardant chiri kutengeswa chinogona kukwana kushandiswa kwenzvimbo dzekuchaja.

Aimbove Bayer MaterialScience (ikozvino Kostron) akambogadzira organic phosphorus ine polyol (IHPO) yakavakirwa paphosphine oxide mu patent. Polyether TPU yakagadzirwa kubva kuIHPO, PTMEG-1000, 4,4 '- MDI, uye BDO inoratidza kugona kwemoto uye hunhu hwemakanika. Maitiro ekubvisa mwenje akatsetseka, uye pamusoro pechigadzirwa pakatsetseka.

Kuwedzera zvinodzivirira moto zvisina halogen ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira TPU isina halogen. Kazhinji, zvinodzivirira moto zvine phosphorus, nitrogen, silicon, boron zvinosanganiswa kana kuti metal hydroxides zvinoshandiswa sezvinodzivisa moto. Nekuda kwekubvira kweTPU, huwandu hwekuzadza moto hunopfuura 30% hunowanzodiwa kuti pave nechikamu chakasimba chezvinodzivisa moto panguva yekutsva. Zvisinei, kana huwandu hwezvinodzivirira moto hwakawedzerwa hwakawanda, zvinodzivirira moto zvinopararira zvisina kuenzana muTPU substrate, uye hunhu hwemuchina hweTPU inodzivisa moto hahuna kunaka, izvo zvinoderedzawo kushandiswa kwayo uye kusimudzirwa kwayo munzvimbo dzakadai semapombi, mafirimu, uye tambo.

Patent yeBASF inoburitsa tekinoroji yeTPU inodzivirira moto, iyo inosanganisa melamine polyphosphate nephosphorus ine phosphinic acid sezvinodzivirira moto neTPU ine huremu hweavhareji yemamorekuru inorema kupfuura 150kDa. Zvakaonekwa kuti mashandiro ezvinodzivirira moto akavandudzwa zvakanyanya uku achiwana simba rakawanda rekusunga.

Kuti iwedzere simba rekudhonza rechinhu ichi, patent yeBASF inotanga nzira yekugadzira crosslinking agent masterbatch ine isocyanates. Kuwedzera 2% yerudzi urwu rwemasterbatch kune chinhu chinosangana nezvinodiwa neUL94V-0 flame retardant kunogona kuwedzera simba rekudhonza rechinhu ichi kubva pa35MPa kusvika pa40MPa ukuwo ichichengetedza kushanda kweV-0 flame retardant.

Kuti pave nekodzero yekuvandudza kuramba kupisa kweTPU inodzivirira moto, patent yeKambani yeLinghua New Materialsinoburitsawo nzira yekushandisa simbi dzakaputirwa pamusoro senzira dzinodzivisa moto. Kuti TPU irambe ichidzivirira moto iwedzere simba,Kambani yeLinghua New Materialsvakaunza metal carbonate zvichibva pakuwedzera melamine flame retardant mune imwe patent application.

4. TPU yefirimu rekudzivirira pendi yemotokari

Firimu rekudzivirira pendi yemotokari ifirimu rekudzivirira rinobvisa pendi kubva mumhepo mushure mekuiswa, rinodzivirira mvura ine acid, oxidation, mavanga, uye rinopa dziviriro inogara kwenguva refu pamusoro pependi. Basa rayo guru nderekudzivirira pendi yemotokari mushure mekuiswa. Firimu rekudzivirira pendi rinowanzo kuve nematatu matatu, rine chifukidziro chinozviporesa pamusoro, firimu repolymer pakati, uye namatidziro inonzwa kumanikidzwa kweacrylic pachikamu chezasi. TPU ndeimwe yezvinhu zvikuru zvekugadzirira mafirimu epolymer epakati.

Zvinodiwa pakushanda kweTPU inoshandiswa mufirimu rekudzivirira pendi ndeizvi: kuramba kukwenya, kujeka kwakanyanya (kutumirwa kwechiedza>95%), kuchinjika kwekupisa kwakaderera, kuramba kupisa kwakakwira, simba rekudhonza>50MPa, kureba>400%, uye kuomarara kweShore A kwe87-93; Kushanda kwakakosha kunodzivirira mamiriro ekunze, kunosanganisira kuramba kukwegura kweUV, kuora kwekupisa, uye hydrolysis.

Zvigadzirwa zvakura parizvino iTPU yakagadzirwa kubva ku dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (H12MDI) uye polycaprolactone diol sezvinhu zvekugadzira. TPU inonhuhwirira inoshanduka kuita yero mushure mezuva rimwe chete rekupiswa nemwaranzi yeUV, nepo TPU inoshandiswa pakugadzira firimu remotokari inogona kuchengetedza chiyero chayo chekutsvuka pasina shanduko huru mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana.
Poly (ε – caprolactone) TPU ine mashandiro akaenzana kana tichienzanisa nepolyether nepolyester TPU. Kune rumwe rutivi, inogona kuratidza kusabvaruka kwakanaka kwepolyester TPU, ukuwo kune rumwe rutivi, inoratidzawo kushanduka kwakaderera kwesimba rekugara kwenguva refu uye kushanda kwepamusoro kwepolyether TPU, nokudaro ichishandiswa zvakanyanya mumusika.

Nekuda kwezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvekushandisa zvakanaka kwemutengo wezvigadzirwa mushure mekupatsanurwa kwemusika, nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yekuputira pamusoro uye kugona kugadzirisa fomura yekunamatira, kune mukana zvakare wekuti polyether kana polyester H12MDI aliphatic TPU ishandiswe kumafirimu ekudzivirira pendi mune ramangwana.

5. TPU Yakavakirwa paBio

Nzira yakajairika yekugadzira TPU yakavakirwa pabio ndeyekuisa mamonomers akavakirwa pabio kana ma intermediates panguva yepolymerization process, akadai se bio based isocyanates (senge MDI, PDI), bio based polyols, nezvimwewo. Pakati pawo, biobased isocyanates hadziwanzowanikwe pamusika, nepo biobased polyols dzakajairika.

Panyaya ye bioisocyanates, kubva mugore ra2000, BASF, Covestro, nedzimwe dzakaisa simba rakawanda mukutsvagisa kwePDI, uye boka rekutanga rezvigadzirwa zvePDI rakaiswa mumusika muna 2015-2016. Wanhua Chemical yakagadzira zvigadzirwa zveTPU zve100% bio ichishandisa bio-based PDI yakagadzirwa kubva ku corn stover.

Panyaya ye bio-based polyols, inosanganisira bio-based polytetrafluoroethylene (PTMEG), bio-based 1,4-butanediol (BDO), bio-based 1,3-propanediol (PDO), bio-based polyester polyols, bio-based polyether polyols, nezvimwewo.

Parizvino, vagadziri vakawanda veTPU vakaburitsa TPU ine chekuita nemakemikari, iyo mashandiro ayo akafanana neTPU ine chekuita nemakemikari echinyakare. Musiyano mukuru pakati peTPU idzi dzine chekuita nemakemikari uri muhuwandu hwezvinhu zvine chekuita nemakemikari, zvinowanzova kubva pa30% kusvika 40%, uye dzimwe dzichitosvika padanho repamusoro. Zvichienzaniswa neTPU ine chekuita nemakemikari echinyakare, TPU ine zvakanakira zvakaita sekuderedza kuburitswa kwecarbon, kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakagadziriswa kwenguva refu, kugadzira girini, uye kuchengetedza zviwanikwa. BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Wanhua Chemical, uyeZvishandiso Zvitsva zveLinghuavatanga maTPU avo akavakirwa pahupenyu, uye kuderedza kabhoni nekuchengetedza nharaunda inzira huru dzekuvandudza TPU mune ramangwana.