TPU inonzi polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, inova multiphase block copolymer inoumbwa ne diisocyanates, polyols, uye cheni inotambanudza. Seyakanyanya-inoshanda elastomer, TPU ine huwandu hwakasiyana hwekudzika kwechigadzirwa dhairekitori uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvinodiwa zvezuva nezuva, midziyo yemitambo, matoyi, zvekushongedza, uye mamwe minda, senge shangu, hosi, tambo, midziyo yekurapa, nezvimwe.
Parizvino, iwo makuru TPU anogadzira zvigadzirwa anosanganisira BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman, Wanhua Chemical,Zvishandiso Zvitsva zveLinghua, zvichingoenda zvakadaro. Nekurongeka uye kuwedzera huwandu hwemabhizinesi epamba, iyo TPU indasitiri parizvino iri kukwikwidza zvakanyanya. Zvisinei, mundima yekushandiswa kwepamusoro-soro, ichiri kuvimba nekutengesa kunze kwenyika, inovawo nzvimbo iyo China inoda kubudirira.
1. Supercritical furo E-TPU
Muna 2012, Adidas neBASF vakabatana vakagadzira shangu inomhanya EnergyBoost, inoshandisa foamed TPU (zita rekutengesa infinergy) seyepakati zvinhu. Nekuda kwekushandiswa kwepolyether TPU ine Shore A kuoma kwe80-85 seyo substrate, zvichienzaniswa neEVA midsoles, furo TPU midsoles inogona kuramba ichichengetedza kunaka uye kupfava munzvimbo dziri pasi pe0 ℃, iyo inovandudza kupfeka kunyaradza uye inozivikanwa zvakanyanya musika.
2. Fiber yakasimbiswa yakagadziridzwa TPU inoumbwa zvinhu
TPU ine yakanaka kukanganisa kuramba, asi mune mamwe maapplication, yakakwira elastic modulus uye zvinhu zvakaoma kwazvo zvinodiwa. Girazi fiber reinforcement modification inzira inowanzoshandiswa kuwedzera elastic modulus yezvinhu. Kuburikidza neshanduko, thermoplastic composite zvinhu zvine akawanda mabhenefiti akadai seyakakwira elastic modulus, yakanaka insulation, yakasimba kupisa kupisa, yakanaka elastic kudzoreredza kuita, yakanaka corrosion kuramba, kukanganisa kukanganisa, yakaderera coefficient yekuwedzera, uye dimensional kugadzikana kunogona kuwanikwa.
BASF yakaunza tekinoroji yekugadzirira yakakwira modulus fiberglass yakasimbiswa TPU ichishandisa girazi mapfupi fiber mupatent yayo. TPU ine Shore D kuomarara kwe83 yakagadzirwa nekusanganisa polytetrafluoroethylene glycol (PTMEG, Mn=1000), MDI, uye 1,4-butanediol (BDO) ine 1,3-propanediol seyakagadzirwa. Iyi TPU yakasanganiswa negirazi fiber muchiyero che52: 48 kuti iwane chinhu chakaumbwa chine elastic modulus ye18.3 GPa uye kusimba kwekusimba kwe244 MPa.
Pamusoro pegirazi fiber, kune zvakare mishumo yezvigadzirwa zvinoshandisa kabhoni fiber composite TPU, senge Covestro's Maezio kabhoni fiber/TPU composite board, ine elastic modulus inosvika 100GPa uye yakaderera density pane simbi.
3. Halogen yemahara flame retardant TPU
TPU ine simba rakawanda, kusimba kwepamusoro, yakanakisa kupfeka kuramba uye zvimwe zvivakwa, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera sheath zvinhu zvewaya netambo. Asi mundima dzekushandisa senge zviteshi zvekuchaja, kudzoreredza kwemoto kwepamusoro kunodiwa. Pane kazhinji nzira mbiri dzekuvandudza murazvo unodzora kuita kweTPU. Imwe ndeye reactive flame retardant modification, iyo inosanganisira kuunza zvinhu zvinodzoreredza moto senge polyols kana isocyanates ine phosphorus, nitrogen, uye zvimwe zvinhu mukugadzirwa kweTPU kuburikidza nemakemikari bonding; Yechipiri ndeyekuwedzera murazvo wemoto retardant gadziriso, iyo inosanganisira kushandisa TPU seiyo substrate uye nekuwedzera murazvo wemoto wekunyungudika musanganiswa.
Reactive gadziriso inogona kushandura chimiro cheTPU, asi kana huwandu hwekuwedzera murazvo retardant hwakakura, simba reTPU rinodzikira, mashandiro ekugadzirisa anowedzera, uye kuwedzera hushoma hakugone kuwana inodiwa murazvo wemoto. Parizvino, hapana chekutengesa chiripo chepamusoro chinodzoreredza moto chigadzirwa chinogona kusangana nekushandiswa kwezviteshi zvekuchaja.
Aimbove Bayer MaterialScience (ikozvino Kostron) akambounza organic phosphorus ine polyol (IHPO) yakavakirwa paphosphine oxide mune patent. Iyo polyether TPU yakagadzirwa kubva kuIHPO, PTMEG-1000, 4,4 '- MDI, uye BDO inoratidza yakanakisa kudzoreredza moto uye michina zvivakwa. Iyo extrusion process inotsvedza, uye pamusoro pechigadzirwa chacho.
Kuwedzera halogen-isina murazvo retardants parizvino ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa tekinoroji nzira yekugadzirira halogen-isina murazvo unodzoreredza TPU. Kazhinji, phosphorus yakavakirwa, nitrogen yakavakirwa, silicon yakavakirwa, boron yakavakirwa murazvo retardants inosanganiswa kana simbi hydroxides inoshandiswa semurazvo retardants. Nekuda kwekubatika kwekupisa kweTPU, murazvo wekuzadza moto unodarika 30% unowanzo kudiwa kuti ugadzire yakagadzikana inodzoreredza murazvo panguva yekupisa. Nekudaro, kana huwandu hwemurazvo wemoto wakawedzerwa wakakura, murazvo unodzoreredza unoparadzirwa zvisina kuenzana muTPU substrate, uye michina yeTPU inodzoreredza moto haina kunaka, iyo inomisawo kushandiswa kwayo uye kusimudzirwa muminda yakaita sehosi, mafirimu. , uye tambo.
BASF's patent inounza tekinoroji yeTPU inodzoreredza moto, inosanganisa melamine polyphosphate uye phosphorus ine inotorwa kubva kuphosphinic acid sezvinodzosa moto neTPU ine huremu hweavhareji yemamorekuru anodarika 150kDa. Zvakaonekwa kuti murazvo unodzoreredza kuita wakavandudzwa zvakanyanya uku uchiwana simba rakanyanya kusimba.
Kuti uwedzere kusimba kwesimba rezvinhu, BASF's patent inosuma nzira yekugadzirira crosslinking agent masterbatch ine isocyanates. Kuwedzera 2% yerudzi urwu rwemasterbatch kuumbwa kunosangana neUL94V-0 murazvo unodzoreredza zvinodiwa kunogona kuwedzera kusimba kwesimba rezvinhu kubva pa35MPa kuenda ku40MPa uku uchichengeta V-0 murazvo unodzoreredza kuita.
Kuvandudza kupisa kuchembera kuramba kweflame-retardant TPU, iyo patent yeLinghua New Materials Kambaniinosumawo nzira yekushandisa pamusoro yakavharwa simbi hydroxides semurazvo retardants. Kuti uvandudze hydrolysis kuramba kweflame-retardant TPU,Linghua New Materials Kambaniyakaunza simbi carbonate pahwaro hwekuwedzera melamine flame retardant mune imwe patent application.
4. TPU yemotokari yependi yekudzivirira firimu
Firimu yekudzivirira pendi yemotokari ifirimu rinodzivirira rinoparadzanisa pendi kubva kumhepo mushure mekuiswa, inodzivirira mvura ine acid, oxidation, scratches, uye inopa dziviriro yenguva refu yependi. Basa rayo guru nderokudzivirira pendi yemotokari pamusoro pekuisa. Iyo pendi yekudzivirira firimu kazhinji ine matatu akaturikidzana, ane yekuzvipodza coating pamusoro, polymer firimu pakati, uye acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive pazasi layer. TPU ndechimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvekugadzirira epakati polymer mafirimu.
Zvinodiwa zvekuita zveTPU zvinoshandiswa mufirimu rekudzivirira pendi ndezvinotevera: kukwenya kuramba, kujeka kwepamusoro (light transmittance>95%), kuchinjika kwakadzika-tembiricha, kukwirisa-tembiricha kuramba, kusimba> 50MPa, kurebesa> 400%, uye Shore A. kuoma kwehuwandu hwe87-93; Kunyanya kukosha kwekuita kwemamiriro ekunze, kunosanganisira kuramba kuchembera kweUV, kupisa kwemafuta oxidative, uye hydrolysis.
Izvo zvino zvigadzirwa zvakakura ndeye aliphatic TPU yakagadzirwa kubva ku dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (H12MDI) uye polycaprolactone diol seyakagadzirwa. Yakajairika inonhuhwirira TPU inooneka inoshanduka yero mushure mezuva rimwe re UV irradiation, nepo aliphatic TPU inoshandiswa pakuputira mota firimu inogona kuchengetedza yero yero coefficient pasina shanduko huru pasi pemamiriro akafanana.
Poly (ε - caprolactone) TPU ine kuita kwakaringana zvichienzaniswa nepolyether uye polyester TPU. Kune rimwe divi, inogona kuratidza yakanakisa kubvarura kuramba kweyakajairika polyester TPU, nepo kune rimwe divi, inoratidza yakasarudzika yakaderera compression yekusingaperi deformation uye yakakwirira rebound kuita kwepolyether TPU, nekudaro ichishandiswa zvakanyanya mumusika.
Nekuda kwezvakasiyana zvinodikanwa zvekudhura kwechigadzirwa mushure mekupatsanurwa kwemusika, nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yekuisa pamusoro uye kugona kugadzirisa fomula yekunamira, pane zvakare mukana wepolyether kana yakajairwa polyester H12MDI aliphatic TPU kuti ishandiswe pakupendera mafirimu ekudzivirira mune ramangwana.
5. Biobased TPU
Nzira yakajairika yekugadzira bio based TPU ndeyekuunza bio based monomers kana yepakati panguva ye polymerization process, senge bio based isocyanates (senge MDI, PDI), bio based polyols, nezvimwewo. Pakati pavo, biobased isocyanates haiwanzo kuwanikwa mu musika, nepo biobased polyols yakawanda.
Panyaya yebio based isocyanates, kutanga kwa2000, BASF, Covestro, nevamwe vakaisa mari yakawanda mukutsvagisa kwePDI, uye yekutanga batch yezvigadzirwa zvePDI yakaiswa mumusika muna 2015-2016. Wanhua Chemical yakagadzira 100% bio based TPU zvigadzirwa vachishandisa bio-based PDI yakagadzirwa kubva muchibage stover.
Panyaya yebio based polyols, inosanganisira bio based polytetrafluoroethylene (PTMEG), bio based 1,4-butanediol (BDO), bio based 1,3-propanediol (PDO), bio based polyester polyols, bio based polyether polyols, nezvimwe.
Parizvino, vagadziri vakawanda veTPU vakatangisa bio-based TPU, ine kuita kwakafanana neyechinyakare petrochemical based TPU. Musiyano mukuru pakati peaya bio-based TPUs uri muchikamu chebio-based content, kazhinji kubva pa30% kusvika 40%, vamwe vachitowana mazinga epamusoro. Kuenzaniswa neyakajairwa petrochemical yakavakirwa TPU, bio yakavakirwa TPU ine zvakanakira sekudzikisa kabhoni emissions, inogoneka kuvandudzwa kwezvinhu mbishi, kugadzirwa kwegirinhi, uye kuchengetedza zviwanikwa. BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Wanhua Chemical, uyeZvishandiso Zvitsva zveLinghuavakatangisa yavo bio-based TPU mabhureki, uye kuderedza kabhoni uye kusimba zvakare akakosha madhairekitori ekuvandudza TPU mune ramangwana.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-09-2024