Muna 1958, Goodrich Chemical Company (yava kunzi Lubrizol) yakanyoresa TPU brand Estane kekutanga. Kwemakore makumi mana apfuura, kwave kune anopfuura makumi maviri mazita emhando pasi rose, uye mhando yega yega ine akati wandei ezvigadzirwa. Parizvino, vagadziri veTPU mbishi vanonyanya kusanganisira BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman Corporation, Wanhua Chemical Group, Shanghai Heng'an, Ruihua, Xuchuan Chemical, nezvimwe.
1, Chikamu cheTPU
Zvinoenderana neyakapfava chikamu chimiro, inogona kupatsanurwa kuita polyester mhando, polyether mhando, uye butadiene mhando, iyo inoteedzana ine ester boka, ether boka, kana butene boka.
Zvinoenderana neyakaomarara segment chimiro, inogona kukamurwa kuita urethane mhando uye urethane urea mhando, iyo inoteedzana inotorwa kubva ethylene glycol cheni inotambanudza kana diamine cheni inotambanudza. Iyo yakajairika classification yakakamurwa kuva polyester mhando uye polyether mhando.
Zvinoenderana nekuvapo kana kusavapo kwemuchinjiko wekubatanidza, inogona kukamurwa kuita yakachena thermoplastic uye semi thermoplastic.
Iyo yekutanga ine yakachena mutsara chimiro uye isina muchinjiko-inobatanidza zvisungo; Iyo yekupedzisira ine diki diki-yakabatana zvisungo senge Allophanic acid ester.
Zvinoenderana nekushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa, zvinogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvakapfava (yakasiyana Machine element), mapaipi (sheaths, bar profiles), mafirimu (mashiti, matete mahwendefa), anonamira, machira, fibers, nezvimwe.
2, Synthesis yeTPU
TPU ndeye polyurethane maererano nemaitiro emamorekuru. Saka, yakaunganidzwa sei?
Zvinoenderana neakasiyana masynthesis maitiro, inonyanya kukamurwa kuita yakawanda polymerization uye mhinduro polymerization.
Muhuwandu hwepolymerization, inogona zvakare kukamurwa kuita pre polymerization nzira uye imwe-nhanho nzira zvichienderana nekuvapo kana kusavapo kwe pre reaction:
Iyo prepolymerization nzira inosanganisira kuita diisocyanate ine macromolecular diols kweimwe nguva yenguva isati yawedzera chain yekuwedzera kugadzira TPU;
Iyo nhanho-imwe nzira inosanganisira panguva imwe chete kusanganisa uye kuita macromolecular diols, diisocyanates, uye macheni ekuwedzera kuti aumbe TPU.
Solution polymerization inosanganisira kutanga kunyungudutsa diisocyanate mune solvent, wozowedzera macromolecular diols kuita kweimwe nguva yenguva, uye pakupedzisira kuwedzera ketani dzekuwedzera kugadzira TPU.
Mhando yeTPU yakapfava segment, molecular weight, hard or soft segment content, uye TPU aggregation state inogona kukanganisa density yeTPU, ine density ingangoita 1.10-1.25, uye hapana mutsauko wakakura uchienzaniswa nemamwe rubha nemapurasitiki.
Pakuoma kwakafanana, kuwanda kwe polyether type TPU yakadzikira pane yepolyester type TPU.
3, Kugadziriswa kweTPU
TPU zvimedu zvinoda maitiro akasiyana ekugadzira chigadzirwa chekupedzisira, kunyanya kushandisa kunyungudika uye nzira dzekugadzirisa dzeTPU kugadzirisa.
Kunyunguduka inzira inowanzoshandiswa muindasitiri yepurasitiki, sekusanganisa, kutenderedza, extrusion, kuvhuvhuta kuumba, uye kuumba;
Solution processing inzira yekugadzirira mhinduro nekunyungudutsa zvimedu musolvent kana zvakananga polymerizing ivo musolvent, uyezve kupfekedza, kutenderera, zvichingodaro.
Chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chakagadzirwa kubva kuTPU kazhinji hachidi vulcanization crosslinking reaction, inogona kupfupisa kutenderera kwekugadzira uye kudzoreredza tsvina.
4. Kuita kweTPU
TPU ine yakakwira modulus, yakakwirira simba, yakakwira elongation uye elasticity, yakanakisa kupfeka kuramba, mafuta kuramba, kushomeka kwekushisa, uye kuchembera kuramba.
Kusimba kwesimba, kurebesa kwepamusoro, uye kuderera kwenguva refu kwekumanikidza kwechigarire deformation rate ese akakosha mabhenefiti eTPU.
XiaoU inozonyanya kutsanangura nezve mechaniki zvivakwa zveTPU kubva kuzvinhu zvakaita sekusimba kwesimba uye kureba, kusimba, kuoma, nezvimwe.
High tensile simba uye yakakwirira elongation
TPU ine yakanakisa tensile simba uye kureba. Kubva pane data riri pamufananidzo uri pazasi, tinogona kuona kuti kusimba kwesimba uye kurebesa kwepolyether mhando TPU zviri nani pane izvo zvepolyvinyl chloride epurasitiki nerabha.
Pamusoro pezvo, TPU inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zveindasitiri yechikafu iine zvishoma kana kusawedzerwa zvinowedzerwa panguva yekugadziriswa, izvo zvakare zvakaoma kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita sePVC nerabha kuwana.
Resilience inonzwa zvakanyanya kune tembiricha
Iko kusimba kweTPU kunoreva dhigirii iyo inokurumidza kudzoreredza kune yayo yekutanga mamiriro mushure meiyo deformation stress yarerutswa, inoratidzwa sesimba rekudzoreredza, inova reshiyo ye deformation yekudzosera basa kune basa rinodiwa kugadzira deformation. Iri basa reiyo dynamic modulus uye kukwesha kwemukati kwemuviri elastic uye inonzwa zvakanyanya kune tembiricha.
Iyo rebound inoderera nekudzikira kwekushisa kusvika imwe tembiricha, uye elasticity inokurumidza kuwedzera zvakare. Iyi tembiricha ndiyo tembiricha yecrystallization yechikamu chakapfava, chinotemerwa nechimiro cheiyo macromolecular diol. Polyether mhando TPU yakaderera pane polyester mhando TPU. Pane tembiricha pazasi tembiricha yekristaro, iyo elastomer inova yakaoma kwazvo uye inorasikirwa nekusimba kwayo. Nokudaro, kusimba kwakafanana nekudzoka kubva pamusoro pesimbi yakaoma.
Hukukutu hwemhando ndeye Shore A60-D80
Kuomarara chiratidzo chekugona kwechinhu kuramba deformation, kukora, nekukwenya.
Kuoma kweTPU kunowanzoyerwa pachishandiswa Shore A uye Shore D kuomarara testers, neShore A inoshandiswa kune dzakapfava TPU uye Shore D inoshandiswa kune yakaoma TPU.
Kuoma kweTPU kunogona kugadziriswa nekugadzirisa chikamu chezvikamu zvakapfava uye zvakaoma cheni. Naizvozvo, TPU ine huwandu hwakakura hwekuomarara, kubva kuShore A60-D80, inotora kuoma kwerabha nepurasitiki, uye ine kukwirira kwepamusoro mukati mekuoma kwese kwese.
Sezvo kuoma kuri kuchinja, zvimwe zvinhu zveTPU zvinogona kuchinja. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera kuomarara kweTPU kuchaguma nekuchinja kwekuita senge yakawedzera tensile modulus uye kubvarura simba, kuwedzera kuomarara uye compressive kusagadzikana (mutoro wemutoro), kuderera kureba, kuwedzera kuwanda uye kusimba kwekupisa chizvarwa, uye kuwedzera kwezvakatipoteredza kuramba.
5. Kushandiswa kweTPU
Seyakanakisa elastomer, TPU ine huwandu hwakasiyana hwekudzika kwechigadzirwa dhairekitori uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvinodiwa zvezuva nezuva, zvinhu zvemitambo, matoyi, zvekushongedza, uye mamwe minda.
Zvigadzirwa zveshangu
TPU inonyanya kushandiswa kune zvigadzirwa zveshangu nekuda kwekunaka kwayo elasticity uye kupfeka kuramba. Zvigadzirwa zveshangu zvine TPU zvakanyanya kugadzika kupfeka pane zvenguva dzose zvigadzirwa zveshangu, saka zvinonyanya kushandiswa muzvigadzirwa zveshangu dzepamusoro, kunyanya dzimwe shangu dzemitambo neshangu dzenguva dzose.
hose
Nekuda kwekupfava kwayo, kusimba kwayo, simba rekuita, uye kuramba tembiricha yakakwira uye yakaderera, mapaipi eTPU anoshandiswa zvakanyanya kuChina semagasi neoiri hose dzemichina dzakaita sendege, matangi, mota, midhudhudhu, uye maturusi emuchina.
cable
TPU inopa kuramba kubvarura, kupfeka kuramba, uye kukotama hunhu, nekukwirira uye kuderera kwekushisa kuramba chiri kiyi yekushanda kwetambo. Saka mumusika weChinese, tambo dzepamberi senge tambo dzekudzora uye tambo dzemagetsi dzinoshandisa TPU kuchengetedza zvinhu zvekupfekedza zvemadhizaini akaomarara, uye mashandisirwo azvo ari kuwedzera kupararira.
Zvishandiso zvekurapa
TPU chinhu chakachengeteka, chakagadzikana uye chepamusoro-soro chePVC chinotsiva, chisingave nePhthalate uye mamwe makemikari anokuvadza zvinhu, uye inotamira kuropa kana zvimwe zvinwiwa zviri mu catheter yekurapa kana bhegi rekurapa kukonzera mhedzisiro. Iyo zvakare yakanyatsogadzirwa extrusion giredhi uye jekiseni giredhi TPU.
film
TPU firimu ifirimu rakatetepa rakagadzirwa kubva kuTPU granular zvinhu kuburikidza nemaitiro akakosha akadai sekukunguruka, kukanda, kufefetera, uye kupeta. Nekuda kwesimba rayo repamusoro, kusamira kwekupfeka, kusimba kwakanaka, uye kuramba kwemamiriro ekunze, TPU mafirimu anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri, zvigadzirwa zveshangu, kupfeka zvipfeko, mota, makemikari, zvemagetsi, zvekurapa, uye mamwe minda.
Nguva yekutumira: Kukadzi-05-2020